Buku Kimia Organik Kelas 10 SMK

Materi Kimia Organik

KATA PENGANTAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ i
DAFTAR ISI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... ii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. v
DAFTAR TABEL ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ vii
PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... viii
GLOSARIUM ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ xi

I. PENDAHULUAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 1
A. DESKRIPSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 1
B. PRASYARAT ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 4
C. PETUNJUK PENGGUNAAN BUKU TEKS BAHAN AJAR SISWA ................................ ... 4
D. TUJUAN AKHIR PEMBELAJARAN ................................ ................................ ............................ 5
E. KOMPETENSI INTI DAN KOMPETENSI DASAR ................................ ................................ 5
F. CEK KEMAMPUAN AWAL ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 7

II. PEMBELAJARAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 9
KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN 1 : Membuat Senyawa -senyawa Ester/Parfum Skala
Laboratorium ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 9
A. DESKRIPSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 9
B. KEGIATAN BELAJAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 9
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 9
2. Uraian Materi ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 10
3. REFLEKSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 40
4. TUGAS ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 41
5. TES FORMATIF ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 44
C. PENILAIAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 45

KEGIATAN PEMBELA JARAN 2 : Membuat Biodiesel Skala Laboratorium ............... 48
A. DESKRIPSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 48
B. KEGIATAN BELAJAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 48
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 48
2. Ura ian Materi ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 49
3. REFLEKSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 80
4. TUGAS ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 81
5. TES FORMATIF ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 90
C. PENILAIAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 91

KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN 3 : ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 94
Pembuatan Sabun Opaq/Transparan SkalaLaboratorium ................................ .............. 94
A. DESKRIPSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 94
B. KEGIATAN BELA JAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 94
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 94
2. Uraian Materi ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 95
3. REFLEKSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 119
4. TUGAS ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 120
5. TES FORMATIF ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 123
C. PENILAIAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....124

KEGIATAN PEMBE LAJARAN 4 :Pembuatan Deterjen Skala Laboratorium ........... 127
A. DESKRIPSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 127
B. KEGIATAN BELAJAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 127
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 127
2. Uraian Materi ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 128
3. REFLEKSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 156
4. TUGAS ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 158
5. TES FORMATIF ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 161
C. PENILAIAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....162

Kegiatan Belajar 5: Pembuatan Hand Soap Skala Laboratorium ................................ 165
A. DESKRIPSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 165
B. KEGIATAN BELAJAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 165
1. Tujua n Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 165
2. Uraian Materi ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 166
3. REFLEKSI ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 171
4. TUGAS ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 172
5. TES FORMATIF ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 175
C. PENILAIAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....176

III. PENUTUP ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 179
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 180

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Diagram Proses pembuatan n -Etil Asetat ................................ ................................ .... 18
Gambar 2. Reaksi Ester dari Asetil Klorida dengan Etanol dan Fenol ................................ .. 19
Gambar 3. Reaksi antara Fenol dengan beberapa Asil Klorida yang Kurang Reaktif dengan Reaksi Protonasi ................... ............................ 19
Gambar 4. Ester dari Anhidrida Asam dan Alkohol ................................ ................................ ....... 20
Gambar 5. Jas laboratorium ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 25
Gambar 6 . Masker ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 26
Gambar 7. Kacamata ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 27
Gambar 8. Contoh Sarung tangan karet ................................ ................................ ............................... 28
Gambar 9. Alat refluks Sumber:http://welovechemistry2009.wordpress.com/2012/07/09/skema -alat - refluks / ................... 29
Gambar 10. Alat destilasi Sumber:http://kimia.upi.edu/utama/bahanajar/kuliah_web/2008/Meggy%20Yulia%20A%20060221/lks.html ......... 30
Gambar 11. Corong pisah ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 31
Gambar 12. Labu alas bulat Sumber:http://instrumentanalis.blogspot.com/2012_09_01_archive.html ..................... 31
Gambar 13. Pendingin leibig ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 32
Gambar 14. Gelas kimia ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 33
Gambar 15. Erlenmeyer ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 34
Gambar 16. Gelas ukur ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 34
Gambar 17. Kertas lakmus ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 35
Gambar 18. Termometer ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 36
Gambar 19. Tim bangan ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 37
Gambar 20. Statif dan klem ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 38
Ga mbar 21. Waterbath ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 38
Gambar 22. Batang pengaduk ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 39
Gambar 23. Kertas saring ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 39
Gambar 24. Spatula ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 40
Gambar 25. Buah kelapa ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 51
Gambar 26. Buah kelapa sawit ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 55
Gambar 27. Tanaman jarak pagar ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 57
Gambar 28. Buah dan biji jarak pagar ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 58
Gambar 29. Labu leher tiga ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 77
Gambar 30. Buret ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 78
Gambar 31. Tallow ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 99
Gambar 32. Lard ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 100
Gambar 33. Minyak kelapa sawit ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 101
Gambar 34. Minyak kelapa ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 102
Gambar 35. Minyak ikan ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 103
Gambar 36. Minyak jarak ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 103
Gambar 37. Minyak zaitun ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 104
Gambar 38. Cetakan sabun ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 117
Gambar 39. Corong ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 118
Gambar 40. pH meter ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .118
Gambar 41. Wadah plastik polipropilen ................................ ................................ ........................... 154
Gambar 42. Blender ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 155
Gambar 4 3. Ayakan ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 155
Gambar 44. Wadah plastik polipropilen ................................ ................................ ........................... 156
Gambar 45. Struktur NaCl ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 166
Gambar 46. Mixer ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 171

DAFTAR TABEL
Table 2. Senyawa Pembentuk Aroma Sintesis ................................ ................................ .................. 11
Table 3. Alat -alat yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia organik 2 (Pembuatan Essen skala laboratorium) ................ 23
Table 4. Keuntungan dan kerugian thermometer ................................ ................................ .......... 36
Table 5. Komposisi asam lemak minyak kelapa ................................ ................................ .............. 53
Table 6. Komposisi asam lemak minyak sawit. ................................ ................................ ................ 56
Table 7. kandungan asam lemak minyak jarak pagar ................................ ................................ ... 59
Table 8. Sifat fisikokimia minyak jarak pagar ................................ ................................ ................... 59
Table 9. Komposisi asam lemak minyak kedelai ................................ ................................ ............. 60
Table 10. Komposisi minyak biji bunga matahari ................................ ................................ .......... 61
Table 11. Standar mutu biodiesel (ASTM D6751 -02) ................................ ................................ ... 68
Table 12. Syarat Mutu Sabun Mandi Padat (SNI 06 – 3532 – 1994) ................................ ...113
Table 13. Macam -macam bahan tambahan dalam pembuatan deterjen ........................... 137
Table 14. Penggolongan alat -alat yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia organik 2 (Pembuatan deterjen skala laboratorium) ................. ................. 152
Table 15. Penggolongan alat -alat yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia organik 2 ( Pembuatan Hand soap skala laboratorium) .... ............. 169