Buku Analisis Kimia Dasar Kelas 10 SMK

Materi Analisis Kimia Dasar

KATA PENGANTAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... i
DAFTAR ISI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... vi
DAFTAR TABEL ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... viii
PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... ix
GLOSARIUM ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. xi

I. PENDAHULUAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 1
A. Deskripsi ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 1
B. Prasyarat ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 4
C. Petunjuk Penggunaan ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 4
D. Tujuan Akhir ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 5
E. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar ................................ ................................ .............. 5
F. Cek Kemampuan Awal ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 7

II. PEMBELAJARAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 10
Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1. Me lakukan Analisis Kualitatif Metode H 2S Dalam
Pemeriksaan Kation dan Anion ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 10
A. Diskripsi ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 10
B. Kegitan Belajar ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 10
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 10
2. Uraian Materi ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 10
3. Refleksi ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 45
4. Tugas ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 46  
5. Tes Formatif ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 59
C. Penilaian ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 60
1. Sikap ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 60
2. Pengetahuan ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 65
3. Keterampilan ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 67

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2. Meng identifikasi Sifat dan Karakteristik Bahan Melalui Analisis Kualitatif (Analisis Jenis ) Metode Klasik ............................ 72
A. Diskripsi ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 72
B. Kegiatan Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 72
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 72
2. Uraian Materi ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 73
3. Refleksi ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 117
4. Tugas ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 119
5. Tes Sumatif ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 130
C. Penilaian ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 131
1. Sikap ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .131
2. Pengetahuan ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 136
3. Keterampilan ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 139

Kegiatan Pembelajaran 3 . Melakukan Analisis Fisis / Fisikokimia Sederhana Bahan dan Produk Industri Kimia ....................... .......... 143
A. Diskripsi ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 143
B. Kegi atan Belajar ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 143
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ .143
2. Uraian Materi ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 143
3. Refleks i ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 181  
4. Tugas ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 183
5. Tes Formatif ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 216
C. Penilaian ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 217
1. Sikap ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .21 7
2. Pengetahuan ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 222
3. Keterampilan ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 224

III. PENUTU P ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 228
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 229

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 . Skema analisis kualitatif metode H 2S ................................ ................................ ..... 30
Gambar 2. Skema analisis kualitatif metode H 2S lanjutan ................................ .................. 30
Gambar 3 . Contoh gambar hasil reaksi Analisis anion ................................ .......................... 40
Gambar 4 . Skema analisis kualitatif anion ................................ ................................ .................. 42
Gambar 5. Contoh analisis kualitatif dengan uji nyala ................................ ........................... 76
Gambar 6 . Uji analisis klasik dengan uji nyala ................................ ................................ .......... 78
Gambar 7 . Uji organoleptik (uji fisik warna) logam ................................ ................................ 79
Gambar 8 . Uji pendahuluan dengan cara pengendapan ................................ ........................ 79
Gambar 9 . Uji kelarutan ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 80
Gambar 10 . Tetrimetri adalah contoh analisis kuantitatif metode klasik ....................... 80
Gambar 11 . Jenis Spektro UV Vis lain yang digunakan untuk menguji jenis logam ...... 83
Gambar 12 . Contoh analisis instrumen dengan dengan HPLC, ................................ ............ 84
Gambar 13 . Contoh analisis instrumen dengan dengan Gas Cromatogrfafi, .................. 84
Gambar 14 . Contoh analisis instrumen dengan dengan AAS, ................................ ............... 85
Gambar 15 . Gambar analisis proksimat ................................ ................................ ......................... 86
Gambar 16 . Uji nyala dengan kawat nikrom ................................ ................................ .............. 106
Gambar 17 . Warna uji nyala beberapa logam ................................ ................................ ............ 107
Gambar 18 . Uji nyala dengan Beilstein ................................ ................................ ......................... 109
Gambar 19 . Pembacaan skla pengukuran dengan mikrometer ................................ .......... 155
Gambar 20 . Sinar Bias ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 157
Gambar 21 . Alat Penetapan Index Bias (Refraktometer) ................................ ...................... 160
Gambar 22 . Viskosimeter Brookfield ................................ ................................ ............................ 164
Gambar 23 . Viskosimeter Oswald ................................ ................................ ................................ ..165
Gambar 24 . Viskosimeter Oswald ................................ ................................ ................................ ..165
Gambar 25 . Viskosimeter “Ubbelohde ” ................................ ................................ .......................... 165
Gambar 26 . Termometer Bulb ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 170
Gambar 27 . Termometer digital (Termokopel) ................................ ................................ ........ 171
Gambar 28 . Termometer Inframerah atau Non -kontak ................................ ........................ 174
Gambar 29 . Alat “Melting Point Aparatus” ................................ ................................ .................. 175
Gambar 30 . Skala pH ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 176
Gambar 31 . Elektroda Potensiometrik ................................ ................................ ......................... 176
Gambar 32 . Alat pengukur pH (pH meter) ................................ ................................ .................. 177
Gambar 33 . Berbagai alat ukur pH ................................ ................................ ................................ .178
Gambar 34 . Mengecangkan skrup penjepit ................................ ................................ ................ 184

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1 . Pemisahan kation berdasarkan metode H 2S ................................ .......................... 16
Tabel 2 . Cara identifikasi pemastian kation golongan I ................................ ....................... 19
Tabel 3 . Hasil kali kelarutan garam logam alkali tanah ................................ ....................... 28
Tabel 4 . Kelompok kation analisis kualitatif ................................ ................................ ............ 29
Tabel 5 . Reaksi sampel garam dengan asam sulfat pekat dingin ................................ ..... 41
Tabel 6. Warna beberapa jenis ion ................................ ................................ .............................. 78
Tabel 7 . Warna nyala beberapa jenis logam ................................ ................................ ........... 78
Tabel 8 . Pengelompokan jenis analisis klasik dan modern ................................ ................ 82
Tabel 9 . Warna bahan kimia ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 90
Tabel 10 . Warna beberapa ion dalam larutan ................................ ................................ ........... 91
Tabel 11 . Kelarutan beberapa bahan kimia ................................ ................................ ................ 94
Tabel 12 . Beberapa indikator asam -basa yang penting ................................ ......................... 95
Tabel 13 . Beberapa warna nyala ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 98
Tabel 14. Uji nyala Warna ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 108
Tabel 15 . Kesetaraan Index Bias dan Kadar Sukrosa pada suhu 20 0C. .......................... 157
Tabel 16 . Bobot Jenis Air Dalam Hampa Udara (Vacuum) Menurut Theisen, Scheel & Diesselhorst. ....................................... 195