Buku Ilmu Ukur Kayu Kelas 11 SMK

Materi Ilmu Ukur Kayu

KATA PENGANTAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... ii
DAFTAR ISI ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... v
DAFTAR TABEL ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... viii
PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... ix
GLOSARIUM ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. x

I. PENDAHULUAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 1
A. Deskripsi (Mata Pelajaran) ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 1
1. Pengertian ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 1
2. Rasional ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 1
B. Prasyarat ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1
C. Petunjuk Penggunaan ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 1
1. Penjelasan Bagi Siswa ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1
2. Peran Guru ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 3
D. Tujuan Akhir ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 3
E. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar ................................ ................................ ......... 3
1. Kompetens i Inti ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 3
2. Kompetensi Dasar ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 4
F. Cek Kemampuan Awal ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 7

II. PEMBELAJARAN ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 8
Kegiatan Pembelajaran Pengukuran dan Perhitungan Pohon Berdiri .............................. 8
A. Deskripsi ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 8
B. Kegiatan Belajar ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 8
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 8
2. Uraian Materi ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 9
a. Pengukuran Kayu ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 12
b. Pengukuran Dimensi ................................ ................................ ................................ 13
c. Lawas dan Kegunaan ................................ ................................ ............................... 14
d. Satuan Ukuran ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 15
e. Pengukuran Diameter ................................ ................................ ............................. 20
f. Pengukuran Tinggi ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 68
g. Alat ukur diameter ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 80
h. Alat ukur tinggi pohon ................................ ................................ ........................... 111
i. Kesalahan pengukuran tinggi ................................ ................................ ................. 133
j. Lekukan batang ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 141
k. Ketebalan kulit batang ................................ ................................ .......................... 142
l. Penentuan Volume Pohon Berdiri ................................ ................................ ........ 148
3. Refleksi ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 150
4. Tugas ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 155
5. Tes Formatif ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 176
C. Penilaian ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 18 6
1. Penil aian Sikap ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 186
2. Penilaian Pengetahuan ................................ ................................ .............................. 188
3. Penilaian Keterampilan ................................ ................................ ............................. 190

III. PENUTUP ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 204
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 205

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Diam eter dan Lingkaran ................................ ................................ ................................ . 22
Gambar 2. Penentuan Nilai ? ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 23
Gambar 3. Pohon miring ke kanan (a), dan pohon miring ke kiri (b) ................................ . 45
Gambar 4. Pohon memiliki akar banir ................................ ................................ ............................ 46
Gambar 5. Batang pohon cacad ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 46
Gambar 6. Batang pohon menggarpu ................................ ................................ .............................. 47
Gambar 7. Pohon di h utan rawa/payau ................................ ................................ ......................... 47
Gambar 8. Pohon tumbuh di tanah miring ................................ ................................ ................... 48
Gambar 9. Lpd pohon berdiri tegak di atas tanah datar ................................ ..................... 50
Gambar 10. Lpd pohon berdiri miring di atas tanah datar ................................ ................. 51
Gambar 11. Lpd pohon berdiri miring di atas tanah miring ................................ ................... 52
Gambar 12. Lpd pohon berbanir kurang dari 1,10 m ................................ ........................... 53
Gambar 13. Lpd pohon berbanir tepat setinggi 1,10 m ................................ ....................... 54
Gambar 14. Lpd pohon berbanir lebih dari 1,10 m ................................ ............................... 55
Gambar 15. Lpd pohon dengan Bbc kurang dari 1,10 m ................................ ..................... 56
Gambar 16. Lpd pohon dengan Bbc lebih dari 1,10 m ................................ ........................ 57
Gambar 17. Lpd pohon dengan Bbc lebih kurang setinggi 1,10 m ................................ 58
Gambar 18. Lpd pohon lekukan cagak lebih dari 1,30 m ................................ ................... 59
Gambar 19. Lpd pohon lekukan cagak kurang dari 1,30 m ................................ ............... 60
Gambar 20. Lpd pohon lekukan cagak tepat setinggi 1,10 m dan 1,30 m .................. 61
Gambar 21. Lpd pohon jenis Bruguiera spp. ................................ ................................ ........... 62
Gambar 22. Lpd pohon jenis Ceriops spp. ................................ ................................ ................... 63
Gambar 23. Lpd pohon jenis Rhizopora spp. ................................ ................................ ............ 64
Gambar 24. Tinggi pohon ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 68
Gambar 25. Segitiga sama kak i ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 69
Gambar 26. Rumus dasar tinggi berdasarkan posisi (1) ................................ .......................... 70
Gambar 27. Rumus dasar tinggi berdasarkan posisi (2) ................................ ......................... 71
Gambar 28. Rumus dasar tinggi berdasarkan posisi (3) ................................ .......................... 72
Gambar 29. Rumus dasar tinggi berdasarkan posisi (4) ................................ ......................... 73
Gambar 30. Rumus dasar tinggi berdasarkan posisi (5) ................................ ......................... 74
Gambar 31. Dasar pembacaan persen sudut ................................ ................................ ............. 78
Gambar 32. Cara penggunaan pita ukur ................................ ................................ ......................... 82
Gambar 33. Kesalahan ukur dengan pita keliling ................................ ................................ ........ 84
Gambar 34. Kesalahan ukur dengan diameter ................................ ................................ ............. 86
Gambar 35. Pengukuran diameter pohon menggunakan kaliper ................................ ......... 87
Gambar 36. Cara penggunaan kaliper ................................ ................................ .............................. 88
Gambar 37. Kesalahan ukur pada penggunaan kaliper ................................ ............................ 91
Gambar 38. Cara penggunaan garpu pohon ................................ ................................ .................. 93
Gambar 39. Kesalahan ukur dengan garpu pohon ................................ ................................ ..... 97
Gambar 40 Cara penggunaan mistar biltmore ................................ ................................ .............. 98
Gambar 41. Kesalahan ukur dengan mistar biltmore ................................ ................................ 99
Gambar 42. Spiegel Relaskop ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 101
Gambar 43. Tongkat Bitterlich ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 102
Gambar 44. Tongkat Bitterlich dengan nilai K = . ................................ ............................ 103
Gambar 45. Kemungkinan posisi sisi batang pada pita bar ................................ ................. 104
Gambar 46. Pembacaan spiegel relaskop bar penuh ................................ ....................... 106
Gambar 47. Pembacaan spiegel relaskop bar tak penuh ................................ ................ 107
Gambar 48. Pem bacaan spiegel relaskop bar tak penuh ................................ ................ 108
Gambar 49. Pembacaan spiegel relaskop bar tak penuh ................................ ................ 109
Gambar 50. Penampakan pohon dalam lingkaran maya ................................ ....................... 110
Gambar 51. Penampakan pohon dalam celah pandang ................................ ......................... 110
Gamba r 52. Bentuk fisik tongkat ukur ................................ ................................ .......................... 114
Gambar 53. Cara pengukuran tinggi pohon menggunakan tongkat ukur ....................... 115
Gambar 54. Cara pengukuran tinggi pohon menggunakan christenmeter ..................... 116
Gambar 55. Penggaris ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 121
Gambar 56. Bentuk fisik clinom eter ................................ ................................ .............................. 123
Gambar 57. Bentuk fisik abney level ................................ ................................ ............................. 125
Gambar 58. Bentuk fisik hagameter ................................ ................................ .............................. 127
Gambar 59. Batang segienam berskala ................................ ................................ ......................... 128
Gambar 60. Bentuk fisik spiegel relaskop ................................ ................................ ................... 131
Gambar 61. Celah pandang spiegel relaskop ................................ ................................ ............. 132
Gambar 62. Ilustrasi pohon berdiri miring ................................ ................................ ................. 134
Gambar 63. Ilustrasi kesalahan negatif ................................ ................................ ........................ 135
Gambar 64. Ilustrasi kesalahan positif ................................ ................................ ......................... 136
Gambar 65. Ilustrasi arah bidik ke pohon berdiri miring ................................ ..................... 137
Gambar 66. Ilustrasi kesalahan positif akibat pohon bertajuk lebar ............................... 138
Gambar 67. Ilustrasi upaya memperkecil kesalahan ukur tinggi bertajuk lebar ........ 139
Gambar 68. Ilustrasi kesalahan ukur tinggi pada daerah bersemak atau berbatu ...... 140
Gambar 69. Gleuvenmeter ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 141
Gambar 70. Ilustrasi titik p engukuran tebal kulit ................................ ................................ .... 143
Gambar 71. Peralatan ukur tebal kulit ................................ ................................ .......................... 145

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Perbedaan dari kedua sistem pengukuran. ................................ ................................ .. 17
Tabel 2. Konversi satuan ukuran panjang. ................................ ................................ .................... 18
Tabel 3 Diameter seti nggi dada 10 pohon Acacia mangium ................................ ................... 27
Tabel 4. Lbds 10 pohon Acacia mangium hasil berdasarkan ................................ .................. 35
Tabel 5. Keliling 10 pohon Acacia mangium dalam 1 plot contoh. ................................ ....... 35
Tabel 6. Lbds 10 pohon Acacia mangium hasil ................................ ................................ ........... 44
Tabel 7. Hasil perhitungan dan persentase selisih pengukuran 1 cm ................................ . 67
Tabel 8. Gambar alat ukur diameter yang umum digunakan ................................ ................. 80
Tabel 9. Diameter setinggi dada 10 pohon Agathis spp. ................................ ........................... 89
Tabel 10. Diameter setinggi dada 10 pohon Eucalyptus spp. ................................ .................. 94
Tabel 11. Gambar alat ukur tinggi pohon yang umum digunakan ................................ .... 111
Tabel 12. Hasil simulasi pengukuran tinggi menggunakan christenmeter .................... 119
Tabel 13. Kesamaan % sudut terhadap sudut -deraja t ................................ ........................... 128
Tabel 14. Status penguasaan hasil belajar ................................ ................................ ................... 185
Tabel 15. Penilaian aspek sikap ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 186
Tabel 16. Penilaian aspek pengetahuan ................................ ................................ ....................... 188
Tabel 17. Peni laian aspek keterampilan. ................................ ................................ ..................... 190