Buku Teknik Konstruksi Bangunan Gedung Jilid 1 Kelas 10 SMK

Materi Teknik Konstruksi Bangunan Gedung Jilid 1

KATA SAMBUTAN ..................................................................................... i
PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ ii
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. iii
SINOPSIS ................................................................................................viii
DESKRIPSI KONSEP PENULISAN ........................................................viii

BAB I.......................................................................................................... 1
MEMBUAT GAMBAR RENCANA.............................................................. 1
A. Menggambar Proyeksi Bangunan ...................................................1
B. Menggambar Sketsa .......................................................................2
C. Membuat Gambar Kerja dan Daftar Komponen .............................3
D. Membaca Gambar Konstruksi .........................................................5
1. Gambar Denah ..........................................................................5
2. Gambar Potongan .....................................................................6
3. Gambar Tampak ........................................................................7
4. Gambar Rencana ......................................................................8

BAB II....................................................................................................... 11
MENYUSUN RAB DAB RKS ................................................................... 11
A. Pendahuluan .................................................................................11
B. Komponen RAB dan RKS .............................................................12
1. Menyusun Uraian Pekerjaan Beserta Spesifikasi Bahan dan
Persyaratannya .............................................................................12
2. Membuat Daftar Volume Pekerjaan, Harga Satuan, dan Upah
Pekerja ...........................................................................................16
3. Membuat Daftar Analisis Satuan Pekerjaan ...........................22
4. Membuat Daftar Analisis Harga Satuan Pekerjaan ................36
5. Membuat Daftar Analisis Rencana Anggaran Biaya dan
Rekapitulasinya .............................................................................39

BAB III...................................................................................................... 45
MENYIAPKAN PEKERJAAN PASANGAN BATU ................................... 45
A. Menyiapkan Lokasi dan Material Pasangan Batu ........................45
1. Lokasi .......................................................................................45
2. Material .....................................................................................45
B. Melakukan Pekerjaan Pengukuran dan Leveling Lapangan ........46
1. Membuat Bidang Datar ...........................................................46
2. Membuat Garis Siku-siku ........................................................46
C. Memasang Papan Duga Pekerjaan Pasangan Batu ....................48
D. Cara Melaksanakan Pekerjaan Pengukuran dan Papan Duga ....50

BAB IV ..................................................................................................... 49
MEMASANG PONDASI DAN DINDING .................................................. 49
A. Menyiapkan Adukan Mortar/Spesi ................................................49
B. Memasang Pondasi Batu Belah ....................................................50
Teknik Konstruksi Bangunan Gedung Sederhana iv
1. Pondasi Langsung ...................................................................51
2. Pondasi Tak Langsung ............................................................51
3. Memasang Pondasi Batu Belah ..............................................52
C. Dinding Bangunan .........................................................................54
D. Memasang Dinding Bangunan ......................................................55
1. Dinding Bata Kapur .................................................................55
2. Dinding Bata Hebel Atau Celcon .............................................55
3. Dinding Partisi ..........................................................................57
4. Dinding Batako ........................................................................61
5. Dinding Batu Bata ....................................................................67
E. Memasang Dinding Batu Bata .......................................................70
1. Aturan Pemasangan ................................................................70
2. Macam Pasangan Batu Bata ..................................................73

BAB V ...................................................................................................... 77
FINISHING DINDING .............................................................................. 77
A. Pendahuluan ..................................................................................77
B. Pekerjaan Plesteran. .....................................................................77
C. Plesteran dan Acian Bidang Tembok ............................................78
D. Plesteran dan Acian Bidang Sudut dan Lengkung .......................81
E. Plesteran Lantai Semen ................................................................82
G. Plesteran dengan Sawutan ...........................................................83

BAB VI ..................................................................................................... 85
PENUTUP LANTAI DAN DINDING .......................................................... 85
A. Pemasangan Lantai ......................................................................85
B. Ketentuan Umum Pemasangan Lantai Ubin ................................85
C. Lantai Keramik ...............................................................................87
1. Jenis Keramik ..........................................................................88
2. Sifat Keramik ...........................................................................90
3. Kelebihan ubin keramik ...........................................................90
4. Beberapa kekurangan ubin keramik .......................................90
5. Pemasangan Lantai Keramik ..................................................91
6. Cara Sederhana Membuat Jarak Nat .....................................92
D. Lantai Mozaik .................................................................................92
1. Mengenal Mozaik ....................................................................92
2. Cara Memasang Mozaik .........................................................93
E. Penutup Dinding ................................................................................94
1. Penutup Dinding dengan Batu Tempel/Hias ...........................94
2. Penutup Dinding dengan Keramik ..........................................95
3. Penutup Dinding dengan Gypsum ..........................................96
4. Dinding Partisi ..........................................................................96

BAB VII .................................................................................................... 99
MEMERIKSA BAHAN DI LAPANGAN..................................................... 99
1. Agregat Halus (Pasir) ..............................................................99
2. Agregat Kasar (Krikil/Batu Pecah) ........................................100
B. Memeriksa Material Semen .........................................................100
1. Pengujian Pengikatan Awal dengan Kuku .........................101
2. Pengujian Kekelan Bentuk dengan Pembakaran Bola .........101

BAB VIII ................................................................................................. 103
MENGERJAKAN BETON ...................................................................... 103
A. Acuan dan Perancah ...................................................................103
1. Bahan Acuan dan Perancah ..................................................103
2. Persyaratan Acuan dan Perancah .......................................103
3. Perencanaan Acuan ..............................................................104
B. Memasang Tulangan/Pembesian ..................................................105
1. Pemotongan dan Pembengkokan. ...........................................105
2. Syarat-syarat Pembengkokan .............................................105
3. Merangkai Baja Tulangan .....................................................105
C. Membuat Adukan Beton Segar ..................................................107
1. Pengadukan Beton. ..............................................................107
2. Persyaratan Pengadukan Beton ...........................................107
3. Pengangkutan .......................................................................108
D. Melaksanakan Pengecoran Beton ..............................................108
E. Melaksanakan Perawatan Beton ................................................109
1. Perawatan Beton Sehabis Dicor. ........................................109
2. Pembongkaran Acuan dan Perancah ...................................109

BAB IX ................................................................................................... 111
LANTAI KAYU........................................................................................ 111
A. Pendahuluan ....................................................................................111
1. Bahan Lantai Kayu ................................................................112
2. Kelebihan Lantai Kayu ............................................................112
3. Pemasangan Lantai Kayu .......................................................112
4. Pemeliharaan Lantai Kayu ......................................................113
B. Peralatan Tangan dan Mesin dalam Pemasangan Lantai Kayu ....114
1. Peralatan Tangan ....................................................................114
2. Peralatan Mesin .....................................................................115
C. Parquet (Parket) ..........................................................................115
1. Parket dari Bahan Kayu Solid .................................................116
2. Parket dari Bahan Kayu Engineered .......................................116
3. Parket dari Bahan Kayu Laminate ..........................................117
4. Syarat Pemasangan dari Sisi Pertimabangan Arsitektur .......118

BAB X .................................................................................................... 125
PINTU DAN JENDELA .......................................................................... 125
A. Pendahuluan ...................................................................................125
B. Persyaratan .....................................................................................126
Teknik Konstruksi Bangunan Gedung Sederhana vi
C. Fungsi .............................................................................................126
D. Jenis Pintu dan Jendela ..................................................................126
1. Jenis Pintu ...............................................................................126
2. Jenis Jendela ...................................................................................128
E. Kusen Pintu dan Jendela ................................................................130
1. Bagian-Bagian Kusen ..............................................................130
2. Jenis-Jenis Kusen Pintu ..........................................................132
3. Jenis-Jenis Kusen Jendela .....................................................135
F. Pemasangan Kusen ........................................................................136
1. Pemasangan Kusen Pintu .......................................................136
2. Pemasangan Kusen Jendela ..................................................138
G. Pemasangan Daun Pintu dan Jendela ......................................139
1. Memasang Daun Pintu ............................................................139
2. Memasang Daun Jendela .......................................................141
H. Pemasangan Kaca .......................................................................143

BAB XI ................................................................................................... 145
KUDA-KUDA DAN ATAP....................................................................... 145
A. Kuda-Kuda ......................................................................................145
1. Pendahuluan ..........................................................................145
2. Dasar Konstruksi Kuda-Kuda ................................................145
3. Batang-batang Konstruksi Kuda-Kuda ..................................149
4. Tipe Kuda-kuda .....................................................................150
5. Bentuk-Bentuk Kuda-Kuda ....................................................152
6. Kuda-Kuda dalam Penerapan ...............................................155
7. Kuda-Kuda Sistem Knock Down ...........................................156
B. Atap .................................................................................................157
1. Pendahuluan ..........................................................................157
2. Bentuk-bentuk Atap .................................................................158
3. Bagian-Bagian Atap ...............................................................160
4. Jenis Rangka Atap Berdasarkan Bahan Material .................165

BAB XII .................................................................................................. 169
DINDING KAYU DAN PLAFON ............................................................. 169
A. Dinding Kayu ...............................................................................169
1. Dinding Kayu Batang Tersusun ...........................................169
2. Dinding Kayu Batang Melintang ............................................172
3. Dinding Kayu Batang Tegak .................................................172
4. Dinding Kayu Batang Miring ..................................................173
5. Dinding Kayu Rangka Terusan (Lajur) ..................................175
B. PLAFON ......................................................................................177
1. Pendahuluan ..........................................................................177
2. Rangka Plafon .......................................................................178
3. Penutup Plafon ......................................................................180

BAB XIII ................................................................................................. 185
PENGECATAN ...................................................................................... 185
A. Pekerjaan Pengecatan ................................................................185
B. Keberhasilan Pengecatan ...........................................................186
C. Pengecatan Dinding ....................................................................187
1. Pemberian Cat Dasar ............................................................187
2. Langkah Pengecatan ............................................................187
3. Pemberian Cat Akhir .............................................................188
D. Pengecatan Ulang .......................................................................188
E. Pengecatan Plafon ......................................................................190
F. Pengecatan Genteng ..................................................................190
G. Pengecatan Kayu ........................................................................191
H. Pengecatan Besi .........................................................................192

BAB XIV ................................................................................................. 193
INSTALASI PIPA PVC ........................................................................... 193
A. Penyambungan Pipa ...................................................................193
1. Alat Penyambung ..................................................................194
2. Cara Penyambungan .............................................................194
3. Penyambungan Pipa yang Rusak/Bocor ...............................195
B. Sistem Perpipaan ........................................................................196
1. Jaringan Penyediaan Air Bersih ............................................196
2. Jaringan Pembuangan Air Kotor/Buangan ...........................201

BAB XV .................................................................................................. 207
POMPA AIR DAN DRAINASE ............................................................... 207
A. Pompa Air ....................................................................................207
1. Pompa Tangan/ Pompa Hisap Tekan .....................................207
2. Pompa listrik ...........................................................................207
B. Tangki Air ........................................................................................208
1. Tangki Air dari Alumunium ....................................................209
2. Tangki Air dari Polyethylene .................................................209
3. Tangki Air di Atas Dak Beton ................................................210
C. DRAINASE ..................................................................................210
1. Drainase Permukaan Tanah ..................................................210
2. Talang Horizontal ...................................................................211
3. Talang Vertikal .......................................................................212
4. Bak Kontrol ............................................................................213
5. Lubang Talang (Roof Drain) ...................................................214

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